Deterrence is established by discouraging or restraining the opponent by raising the cost of the action. It can be done by blocking the enemy’s action by brutal force or by punishing it. In recent times, especially since 2014, India has adopted deterrence by punishment strategies against Pakistan’s support for terrorist organizations. Punishmen
Under the Taliban rule, Afghan women and girls have faced escalating institutionalized oppression. Data provided by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) states that, as of 2024, approximately 1.4 million girls remain barred from secondary education, while over 100,000 women have been excluded from universities s
A report dated May 24, 2025, revealed that numerous female personnel working with United Nations (UN) agencies in Afghanistan – primarily those affiliated with the political and reconstruction divisions of the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and UN Office for Coordinating Relief in Afghanistan (UNOCA) – have been compelled to opera
“Re-engagement with Syria under international economic law requires more than opening bank accounts,” he explained. “It demands credible reforms to the domestic legal framework, judiciary, arbitration frameworks, debt transparency, and governance of sovereign assets.” He also warned of legal risks that could deter investors: a growing docke
Like a relic from another era, its promise long faded, the Syrian pound still lingers in the wallets of shopkeepers and shoppers in Damascus. Yet, green shoots of hope are sprouting across the war-weary nation. That rekindled sense of optimism owes much to US President Donald Trump’s pledge to ease sanctions and signs of regional support for Syri